The studies below are the research and citations supporting our work in craniofacial development & airway. Each title links to its source publication. This collection includes 15 studies.
Craniofacial and upper airway morphology in adult obstructive sleep apnea patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cephalometric studies
Neelapu B, et al. — Sleep Med Rev, 2017.
Identified specific craniofacial characteristics associated with OSA, including retrognathic mandible and maxilla, inferiorly positioned hyoid, and reduced airway dimensions.
Head posture and malocclusions
Solow B, Sonneson L — Eur J Orthod, 1998.
Demonstrated significant associations between head posture and development of malocclusions, with implications for breathing patterns.
Cranio-facial morphology in children with and without enlarged tonsils
Behlfelt K, et al. — Eur J Orthod, 1990.
Children with enlarged tonsils show distinct craniofacial development patterns compared to controls.
AP relationship of the maxillary central incisors to the forehead in adult white females
Andrews WA — Angle Orthod, 2008.
Established relationship between maxillary incisor position and forehead landmarks, important for facial harmony and airway development.
Differences in dentofacial morphology in children with sleep disordered breathing
Yap B, et al. — Sleep Med, 2019.
Identified distinct dentofacial characteristics in children with sleep-disordered breathing detectable through routine orthodontic records.
Relationship between sleep-disordered breathing and markers of systemic inflammation in women
Svensson M, et al. — J Sleep Res, 2012.
Sleep-disordered breathing associated with increased inflammatory markers, suggesting systemic effects of airway obstruction.
Anatomic determinants of sleep-disordered breathing across the spectrum of clinical and nonclinical male subjects
Dempsey J, et al. — Chest, 2002.
Identified specific anatomical factors that predispose individuals to sleep-disordered breathing, emphasizing the role of craniofacial structure.
The relationship between three-dimensional craniofacial and upper airway anatomical variables and severity of obstructive sleep apnoea in adults
Wang X, et al. — Eur J Orthod, 2021.
Strong correlations found between specific 3D craniofacial measurements and OSA severity, providing guidance for treatment planning.
Breathing obstruction in relation to craniofacial and dental arch morphology in 4-year-old children
Lofstrand-Tidestrom B, et al. — Eur J Orthod, 1999.
Early childhood breathing problems significantly influence craniofacial and dental arch development.
Alterations in Oral-Nasal-Pharyngeal Microbiota and Salivary Proteins in Mouth-Breathing Children
Fan C, Guo L, Gu H, Huo Y, Lin H. — Frontiers in Microbiology, 2020.
The Impact of Mouth Breathing on Dentofacial Development: A Concise Review
Lin L, Zhao T, Qin D, Hua F, He H. — Frontiers in Public Health, 2022.
Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Early Adolescent Orthodontic Patients: Prevalence and Correlation With Dentofacial Morphological Features
Niu X, Cornelis MA, Stoustrup PB, Cattaneo PM. — Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 2025.
The Dentofacial and Upper Airway Morphology of Adults With Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Wei Z, Zhao T, Li Y, et al. — Sleep Medicine Reviews, 2025.
Salivary Markers and Microbial Flora in Mouth Breathing Late Adolescents
Mummolo S, Nota A, Caruso S, et al. — BioMed Research International, 2018.
Intraoral pH and temperature during sleep with and without mouth breathing
Choi JE, Waddell JN, Lyons KM, Kieser JA. — Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 2016.
